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Autoimmune Diseases Associated with Anticytoplasmic Antibodies
| Disease | Cytoplasmic Antigen | Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Polymyositis | tRNA synthetase (anti-Jo-1, others) | 20%–30% |
| Signal recognition particle | 4% | |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | Ribosomal P | 5%–10% |
| Granulomatosis with polyangiitis | Serine proteinase-3 (seen only in neutrophils) | 90% |
| Microscopic polyangiitis (+ other anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody vasculitides) | Myeloperoxidase, others (seen only in neutrophils) | 70% |
| Primary biliary cirrhosis | Mitochondria | 80% |
What research says about the Autoimmune Diseases Associated with Anticytoplasmic Antibodies
- A study characterized the cytoplasmic staining patterns identified by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) using human epithelial (HEp-2) cells as substrates, and identified autoantigens using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and cognate RNA immunoprecipitation techniques in cytoplasmic antibody-positive sera (CA(+)) in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases.
- Twenty-three sera (3.7%) of 630 patients were found to have a cytoplasmic staining pattern by IF on HEp-2 cells.
- The fine-pattern IF specificities were as follows: 12 diffuse fine speckled; 7 coarse granular filamentous speckled; 2 diffuse coarse speckled; 1 condensed large speckled; 1 cytoskeletal. No relationship was found between the staining patterns and the diseases.
- Anti-SS-A antibodies and antimitochondrial (M2) antibodies were detected by ELISA in 6 and 4 sera, respectively, and antismooth muscle antibody was detected by IF in 1 serum.
- In RNA immunoprecipitation assays, 6, 11, 3, and 1 patients had antibodies that recognized aminoacyltransfer RNA (tRNA) synthetases (including 2 EJ, 2 PL-7, 1 PL-12, and 1 unidentified tRNA-related), SS-A, ribosomes, and SRP, respectively.
- Moreover, several other autoantigens were detected by Western blotting using human epithelial (HEp-2) cell lysates.
- This study suggests that autoantibodies against tRNA synthetases, SS-A, ribosomes, mitochondria, and other autoantigens are present in CA(+) sera from patients with a variety of systemic autoimmune diseases.
