Diphtheria Toxoid Tetanus Toxoid Adsorbed DT Td Brand Names – DECAVAC | TDVAX | TENIVAC
What is Diphtheria Toxoid Tetanus Toxoid Adsorbed DT Td
Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids adsorbed (DT or Td) is used for immunizing against diphtheria and tetanus.
Diphtheria toxoid is isolated from Corynebacterium diphtheriae whereas tetanus toxoid is isolated from Clostridium tetani. As with any toxoid, immunization with DT or Td does not protect 100% of individuals.
The potency of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids is determined on the basis of immunogenicity studies with a comparison to a serological correlate of protection (0.01 antitoxin units/mL) established by the Panel on Review of Bacterial Vaccines & Toxoids.
In clinical trials, 90—100% of toxoid recipients obtained immunogenicity. The DT products are for use in children 6 weeks to 7 years of age whereas the Td products are for older patients.
Use of the age-appropriate toxoid formulation is imperative, as patients > 7 years of age have a greater risk of adverse reactions to the diphtheria toxoid. Thus, the amount of the diphtheria toxoid is reduced in Td as compared with DT.
Children should only receive DT if they have a contraindication to the diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine (DTP) (see DTP monograph, Contraindications).
The DT or Td vaccine is NOT to be used for the treatment of diphtheria or tetanus infection; for treatment, tetanus immunoglobulin (TIG) with or without diphtheria antitoxin (see Dosage section and respective monographs) is needed.
Many DT and Td products contain thimerosal (49% ethyl mercury); however, newer, preservative-free formulations contain only trace amounts of thimerosal (due to the manufacturing process).
Manufacturers have already begun phasing out the preserved multi-dose formulations. The FDA originally approved Td formulations in May 1955.
The FDA approved single-dose, preservative-free DT in January 2003; single-dose, preservative-free Td vials (Tenivac™) in November 2003; and single dose, preservative-free Td prefilled syringes (Decavac™) in March 2004.
Indications
- diphtheria prophylaxis
- tetanus prophylaxis
Side Effects
- anaphylactoid reactions
- angioedema
- arthralgia
- Arthus reaction
- bronchospasm
- dizziness
- drowsiness
- erythema
- fatigue
- fever
- Guillain-Barre syndrome
- headache
- injection site reaction
- lymphadenopathy
- maculopapular rash
- malaise
- myalgia
- nausea
- neuritis
- paresthesias
- peripheral edema
- pruritus
- rash
- seizures
- syncope
- urticaria
- vomiting
- weakness
Monitoring Parameters
- laboratory monitoring not necessary
Contraindications
- anticoagulant therapy
- bleeding
- bovine protein hypersensitivity
- breast-feeding
- coagulopathy
- fever
- Guillain-Barre syndrome
- hemophilia
- immunosuppression
- infants
- infection
- intraarterial administration
- intravenous administration
- latex hypersensitivity
- neonates
- pregnancy
- premature neonates
- shock
- subcutaneous administration
- thimerosal hypersensitivity
- thrombocytopenia
- vitamin K deficiency
Interactions
- Ocrelizumab
- Siponimod
