Diphtheria Tetanus Toxoids Pertussis Vaccine

Diphtheria Tetanus Toxoids Pertussis Vaccine Brand Names

Adacel | Boostrix | Certiva | Daptacel | Infanrix | Tri-Immunol | Tripedia

What is Diphtheria Tetanus Toxoids Pertussis Vaccine

Vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis is accomplished by using combination products that contain various pertussis antigens (isolated from Bordetella pertussis) in combination with diphtheria toxoid (isolated from Corynebacterium diphtheriae) and tetanus toxoid (isolated from Clostridium tetani).

The first combination vaccines (DTwP) contained whole cell pertussis; however, concerns about the safety of whole-cell pertussis vaccines prompted the development of acellular vaccines (e.g., DTaP, Tdap) that are less likely to cause adverse events because they contain purified antigenic components.

Vaccination with DTaP is indicated for infants and children from 6 weeks through 6 years of age.

Vaccination with Tdap is recommended for older children, adolescents, and adults.

The acellular pertussis vaccines contain different combinations of pertussis antigens but, in general, each formulation combines pertussis exotoxin with various surface proteins from the pertussis organism.

Infanrix (DTaP) and Boostrix (Tdap) combine PT with 2 surface proteins (FHA and pertactin). Daptacel (DTaP) and Adacel (Tdap) combine PT with 2 surface proteins (FHA and pertactin) and fimbriae types 2 and 3.

In the available vaccines, diphtheria and tetanus toxoids are absorbed onto aluminum phosphate as an adjuvant.

Indications

1. diphtheria prophylaxis
2. pertussis prophylaxis
3. tetanus prophylaxis

Side Effects

1. abdominal pain
2. anaphylactic shock
3. anaphylactoid reactions
4. angioedema
5. anorexia
6. apnea
7. arthralgia
8. Arthus reaction
9. back pain
10. bronchospasm
11. chills
12. cough
13. cyanosis
14. diarrhea
15. drowsiness
16. dyspnea
17. edema
18. encephalopathy
19. erythema
20. fatigue
21. fever
22. Guillain-Barre syndrome
23. headache
24. hypoesthesia
25. hypotension
26. hypotonia
27. hypoxia
28. inconsolable crying
29. infection
30. injection site reaction
31. irritability
32. lethargy
33. lymphadenopathy
34. maculopapular rash
35. malaise
36. meningitis
37. myalgia
38. myasthenia
39. myelitis
40. myocarditis
41. nausea
42. neuritis
43. otalgia
44. paresthesias
45. peripheral neuropathy
46. pruritus
47. purpura
48. rash
49. seizures
50. syncope
51. thrombocytopenia
52. urticaria
53. vomiting
54. weakness

Monitoring Parameters

• laboratory monitoring not necessary

Contraindications

• anticoagulant therapy
• bleeding
• breast-feeding
• children
• coagulopathy
• coma
• encephalopathy
• fever
• Guillain-Barre syndrome
• hemophilia
• immunosuppression
• infants
• infection
• intraarterial administration
• intravenous administration
• latex hypersensitivity
• neonates
• neurological disease
• pregnancy
• premature neonates
• seizure disorder
• seizures
• shock
• subcutaneous administration
• syncope
• thrombocytopenia
• vitamin K deficiency

Interactions

• Ocrelizumab
• Siponimod