What is the proper technique for chest compressions in the newborn? The two acceptable techniques for performing chest compressions are applying two thumbs superimposed or next to each other on the sternum with the fingers surrounding the chest, or two fingers placed on the sternum at a right angle to the chest with the other …
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When are chest compressions indicated in the resuscitation of the newly born infant? Effective ventilation usually restores vital signs to normal in a newborn, and chest compressions are generally not needed. Because chest compressions make effective ventilations more difficult and heart rate usually responds to assisted ventilation, chest compressions are not initiated until assisted ventilation …
Are airway adjuncts useful or indicated in the management of the newborn? Yes. CPAP is widely used in infants who are breathing but exhibiting increased respiratory effort. It has been studied in preterm infants and shown to decrease intubation rates, mechanical ventilation duration, and use of surfactant, but increases rates of pneumothorax. Local expertise and …
How should endotracheal intubation of the newborn be performed? Perform the tracheal intubation by the oral route, using an uncuffed endotracheal tube and a laryngoscope with a straight blade (size 0 for premature, size 1 for term). If a stylet is used, it should not protrude beyond the end of the tube. Cricoid pressure may …
What are the indications for tracheal intubation of the newborn? Indications for tracheal intubation vary but are based on the degree of respiratory depression, the success of ventilation efforts, the presence of meconium, the degree of prematurity, and the skill of the health care provider. There is controversy at every turn. For instance, some neonatal …
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What is the proper technique for assisting ventilations in the newly born infant? The mask should fit around the nose and mouth but not cover the eyes or go below the chin. Assisted ventilations should be at a rate of 40 to 60 breaths per minute (30 breaths per minute when chest compressions are being …
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When is supplemental oxygen indicated in the newborn? Controversy, controversy, controversy! There are growing data in the literature that both not enough oxygen and too much oxygen, even brief exposure to excessive levels during resuscitation, are harmful to the newly born infant. The oxygen saturation level does not reach extrauterine values until several minutes after …
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