Time periods list of substances detected in the urine post consumption What substances (or metabolites) can be detected in the urine at the following times after consumption? Up to 2 to 4 weeks? Long acting barbiturates, marijuana (if use was heavy) Up to a week? Phencyclidine (PCP), methaqualone Up to 4 days? Cocaine metabolites Up …
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Major symptoms of intoxication What are the major signs and symptoms of intoxication and withdrawal for common substances of abuse (cocaine, benzodiazepines, marijuana/synthetic cannabinoids, opiates, nicotine, and amphetamines) and what treatment may be required? Select Substances of Abuse and Features of Intoxication and Withdrawal and Associated Treatments Substance Intoxication Withdrawal Cocaine Myocardial ischemia, stroke, rhabdomyolysis, …
Time course of alcohol withdrawal symptoms What is the time course of signs and symptoms of alcohol withdrawal Time Course and Associated Signs and Symptoms of Alcohol Withdrawal Time Course: Onset ∗ /Duration Signs and Symptoms Early: 6 hr/2 days Anxiety, tremor, palpitations, nausea, anorexia 6-48 hr/3 days Seizures 12-48 hr/2 days Alcoholic hallucinosis (visual, auditory, tactile hallucinations …
Treatment of impulse control disorders What are the pharmacotherapeutic options for impulse control disorders (ICDs)? ICDs include a broad range of disorders of similar but complex pathophysiologies involving systems that incorporate most of the major neurotransmitters. Possible therapeutic options include mu opioid antagonists (to interrupt the reward reinforcement of ICD behaviors), SSRIs, atypical antipsychotics, beta-blockers, …
What is the difference between an impulsive and a compulsive act? Impulsive reactions to internal or external stimuli are purposeful but happen quickly without foresight of consequences and may relieve a tense feeling but often result in feelings of guilt and remorse. Compulsions are typically rule-bound, repetitive, stereotyped behaviors engaged in as a response to …
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Unique facts about emotional and behavioral outbursts What is unique about the emotional and behavioral outbursts that characterize the disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders (including intermittent explosive, oppositional defiant, and antisocial personality disorders, pyromania, kleptomania, and others) that may help distinguish them from outbursts in other disorders such as delirium, substance intoxication/withdrawal, or autism spectrum …
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What exam findings are associated with eating disorders? Emaciated or low-weight patients may exhibit bradycardia, hypotension, orthostasis, hypothermia, acrocyanosis (bluish discoloration of the extremities due to poor circulation), lanugo (especially fine, soft body hair), murmur of mitral valve prolapse, and flattened affect. Patients who induce vomiting may exhibit erosion of dental enamel, Russel’s sign (calluses …