Differential diagnosis for vertebra plana Flattening of a vertebral body (vertebra plana) in a child should first bring to mind the diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Other diagnostic possibilities in pediatric patients include leukemia, lymphoma, metastatic disease, infection, and storage diseases.
What is a craniosynostosis? A craniosynostosis represents premature closure of a suture of the skull. This premature closure results in cessation of growth of the skull perpendicular to the suture line and abnormal compensatory growth along the axis of the closed suture. For this reason, sagittal craniosynostosis results in an elongated skull in the anteroposterior …
What is Freiberg infraction? Freiberg infraction is an idiopathic osteochondrosis of the head of a metatarsal bone (usually the second), which results in flattening and osteosclerosis of the metatarsal head. It is usually seen in adolescents (13 to 18 years old).
Difference between a triplane fracture and a juvenile Tillaux fracture of the ankle Both fractures occur after partial closure of the distal tibial physis. On a frontal radiograph, a triplane fracture appears as a Salter III fracture through the epiphysis, and on a lateral radiograph, it appears as a Salter II fracture through the metaphysis. …
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Common processes involving the extensor mechanism of the knee only in children Sinding-Larsen-Johansson and patellar sleeve avulsion fracture are two similar injuries in the pediatric population involving the origin of the patellar tendon. Sinding-Larsen-Johansson is similar to Osgood-Schlatter disease with repetitive injury on the inferior pole of the patella. Patellar sleeve avulsion fracture is a …
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Blount disease Blount disease is a varus deformity of the knee (i.e., the tibia is abnormally directed medially compared with the femur) resulting from growth disturbance of the medial aspect of the proximal tibial metaphysis. This deformity may occur in infants, in which case it is often bilateral, or in adolescents. On radiography, varus deformity …
Coxa vara and coxa valga are abnormalities of the femoral shaft-to-neck angle. The normal angle is ≈150 degrees at birth, decreasing to 120 to 135 degrees in adults. Coxa vara occurs when the angle is less than 120 degrees and may be secondary to trauma, tumor, SCFE, or a congenital abnormality. Coxa valga occurs when …