Causes of Solitary sclerotic bone lesion Most common 1. Bone island (enostosis) —ovoid with long axis parallel to long axis of bone and a feathered border. 2. Enchondroma —confluent punctate or nodular calcification, denser centrally than peripherally. Enchondromas in the large long bones are often more calcified than those in the fingers. 3. Metastasis —prostate, breast, mucinous adenocarcinoma of GI tract, …
Causes of Generalized increased bone density in an adult Most common 1. Metastases —prostate and breast most common. Heterogeneous; generally not diffuse. 2. Sickle cell disease —medullary sclerosis and bone infarcts. Growth arrest of long bones. H-shaped vertebrae. 3. Myelofibrosis —older patients. Diffuse medullary sclerosis, loss of corticomedullary differentiation. No heterogeneity. Less common 4. Renal osteodystrophy —axial > appendicular. Rugger jersey spine. 5. Osteopetrosis —thickened …
3 Interesting Facts of Thyrotoxicosis Similar presentation to opioid withdrawal: restlessness, anxiety, and irritability, accompanied by tachycardia Thyromegaly and exophthalmos may be present in patients with thyroid excess Differentiated by marked suppression of TSH level in thyrotoxicosis and negative urine drug screen is likely
Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale Each item is scored for severity, and scores are totaled to reflect overall severity of the withdrawal syndrome: Severe: higher than 36 Moderately severe: 25 to 36 Moderate: 13 to 24 Mild: 5 to 12 Piloerection 5: prominent piloerection 3: can feel piloerection on patient’s forearm 0: smooth skin Anxiety or …
8 Interesting Facts of Opioid Toxicity Opioid toxicity results in severe—sometimes fatal—effects that most commonly occur after overdose, which can be intentional or accidental Opioid toxicity causes respiratory depression, generally accompanied by depressed consciousness and miosis Diagnosis is made based on these 3 primary symptoms, which may not always present together, paired with a positive …
6 Interesting Facts of Open Angle Glaucoma Primary open-angle glaucoma is a chronic, progressive optic neuropathy in adults characterized by optic nerve damage and retinal ganglion cell loss Clinical features include an open anterior chamber angle and cupping of optic nerve head with corresponding loss of visual field Elevated intraocular pressure is a consistent risk …
Characteristics associated with abdominal wall defects in neonates Characteristic Gastroschisis Omphalocele Location of defect Right of umbilicus or lateral to cord Midline including umbilicus and umbilical ring Covering membrane No Yes Size of defect 3 to 5 cm 4 to 10 cm Umbilical cord insertion Body wall at normal location Omphalocele membrane Herniated abdominal organs …
Characteristics associated with abdominal wall defects in neonates Read More »