The Adolescent Cavus Foot Progressive cavus foot deformity may be the first sign of other pathologic conditions that must be identified with hereditary sensorimotor neuropathy type I (Charcot-Marie-Tooth), the most prevalent neuromuscular cause. •Treatment for the foot is generally symptomatic. History •A family history of any neurologic condition should be defined. •Clinical signs rarely manifest …
Atypical Nevus Atypical nevi are highly variable in appearance. The same ABCDE criteria used to distinguish melanoma from banal nevi also characterize atypical nevi: A—asymmetry B—border irregularity C—color variegation D—diameter greater than 6 mm E—evolutionary behavior (e.g., changing, itching) The treatment of atypical nevi is not standardized. In persons with numerous clinically atypical nevi, a …
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disease. ADPKD is a systemic, inherited disorder due to mutations in the majority (approximately 93%) in either the PKD1 or PKD2 genes. These mutations lead to fluid-filled cyst formation, proliferation, and growth in multiple organs including the kidneys, liver, and pancreas. ADPKD …
7 Interesting Facts of Avian Influenza H5N1 Avian influenza of H5N1 type is a zoonotic infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza type A virus, subtype H5N1 Infection frequently presents with influenzalike symptoms, but it can be asymptomatic, mild, or have an aggressive clinical course with rapid deterioration Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing on …
Primary Hyperlipoproteinemia Primary hyperlipoproteinemia is a group of genetic disorders of the lipid transport proteins in the blood that manifests as abnormally elevated levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, or both in the serum of affected patients. •Usually defined as total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, or lipoprotein A levels above 90th percentile or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) …
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an inflammatory lung disease caused by the inhalation of an antigen to which the patient is sensitized and hyperresponsive. Synonyms HP Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) Bird fancier’s lung Farmer’s lung Malt worker’s lung “Ventilation” pneumonitis Maple bark-stripper’s lung Sauna taker’s lung Hot tub lung Epidemiology & Demographics •Estimates of …
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS) is a life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by marked hyperglycemia, dehydration, electrolyte derangements, and hyperosmolality with or without mental obtundation, in the absence of significant ketoacidosis. Synonyms Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome Diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state Nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome …