Aphthous Ulcers Small painful ulcers predominantly of the oral mucosa Synonyms Aphthae Canker sores Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) Recurrent oral aphthae Epidemiology & Demographics Prevalence One in five individuals in their lifetime Predominant Sex and Age Most commonly affects women, adolescents, and adults under the age of 40 Peak Incidence Adolescence Risk Factors Genetic factors, …
Approach to Malignant Brain Tumors in Children Synopsis Urgent Action Intracranial hypertension and acute brain herniation are considered neurologic emergencies that require immediate treatment to prevent irreversible damage or death Administer dexamethasone and consider cerebrospinal fluid drainage and other measures to relieve pressure; consider circulatory and ventilatory support Prolonged seizures and status epilepticus in pediatric …
5 Interesting Facts of Arterial Ulcer (Ischemic Ulcer) The clinical presentation of an ulcer in an older patient with known atherosclerotic disease and/or diabetes mellitus should trigger consideration of an arterial ulcer. This concern is augmented when the ulcer appears punched out, when it lies on the lateral leg, or if there are other findings …
6 Interesting Facts of Arthritides A healthy articular joint such as the hip or knee is composed of two bony surfaces lined with hyaline cartilage that are surrounded by a joint capsule. The capsule is lined with a thin synovial membrane that is no more than a few cell layers thick. •Articular joints move freely …
Arthritis of the Ankle Primary arthritis of the ankle is rare—6-9% Trauma is the most common cause of ankle arthritis—approximately 80% (malleolar ankle fracture, 39%; distal tibia pilon fracture, 16%; ligamentous injuries, 14%). Avascular necrosis of talus, hemophilia, gout, infection, and malalignment from paralytic deformity are some other causes. •Many patients with ankle arthritis can …
Asbestosis Asbestosis is a slow, progressive diffuse interstitial fibrosis as a consequence of dose-related inhalation exposure to fibers of asbestos in miners, millers, workers of asbestos textiles, and insulators. Clinically, the lung involvement is characterized by bilateral diffuse interstitial fibrosis, more pronounced in the lower lobes, and pleural thickening, leading to shortness of breath and …
5 Interesting Facts of Aspergillosis Aspergillus species are ubiquitous in soil, water, and air Aspergillus spores are regularly inhaled and normally are cleared by ciliary and other mechanisms without harmful consequences; however, in some patients, colonization or saprophytic growth occurs without tissue invasion Saprophytic growth may occur in sinuses and in preexisting lung cavities. If asymptomatic, no …