What is sleep disordered breathing (SDB), and how does this differ from OSA? Confusion arises when the terms sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) or sleep-related breathing disorder (SRBD), and OSA are used interchangeably in the literature and in sleep laboratory reports. SRBD and SDB are disease headings under which other diseases are arranged, much like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease comprises a …
How does aging change hormonal release? Changes to sleep architecture with aging are thought to lead to hormonal changes. Normal aging is associated with loss of SWS and REM, with increased sleep fragmentation. Recall that GH and PRL rise primarily in relation to the SWS of NREM, whereas TSH, cortisol, and testosterone increases are primarily …
How do circadian and sleep wake processes influence glucose and insulin levels? Glucose and insulin levels are influenced by both process-C and SWH. Studies in normal adults have demonstrated a 30% increase in glucose and a 60% increase in insulin levels during nocturnal. During sleep deprivation, glucose levels and insulin secretion rates increase at the …
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How are some of Jet lag symptoms attributable to the observed changes in cortisol and TSH? Jet lag is a well-known sleep disorder arising from crossing multiple time zones in a short period. However, it probably has underlying endocrine pathophysiology. Essentially, the circadian process becomes misaligned with the destination time zone. This is particularly true when …
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TSH and cortisol secretion profiles are circadian, so why are their levels not parallel through the night and day? The difference in these two hormone profiles is attributable to the extent that each is influenced by either process-C or process-S. However, this question is not straightforward. The difference demonstrates nicely the primary process-C contribution to …
What factors influence TSH release? TSH secretion is primarily related to circadian rhythm, Process-C, though there is SWH, Process-S, influence. TSH secretion in young healthy males shows an early evening circadian elevation before sleep onset, then a decline shortly after sleep onset continuing until it reaches a nadir in the afternoon. The inhibitory influence of …
Is the testosterone decline observed with aging related to changes associated with the sleep pattern of aging? Yes, at least in part, it does. Aging is associated with less time in overall sleep and less time in SWS. In older men, LH pulses show lower amplitude but increased frequency Not all the parameters have been …