Limitations of EUS in esophageal cancer staging The accuracy of T staging by EUS varies with the actual stage of the tumor, with the least accurate being T1 tumors. Strictures occur in approximately 30% of esophageal masses. Accuracy for staging is higher for traversable tumors compared with tumors occluding the lumen. Older literature suggested high …
How is malignant lymphadenopathy determined in esophageal cancer? The presence of four EUS criteria (size > 1 cm, round, well-defined, and hypoechoic) predicts a malignant LN in nearly 100% of cases. However, only 20% to 40% of all malignant LNs have all four EUS criteria. Therefore, when possible, FNA of LN should be performed. The …
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What are the recent changes to esophageal cancer staging? • Staging applies to masses that arise within the first 5 cm of the stomach that extend into the esophagus. • T4 is divided into T4a, in which the tumor invades the pleura, pericardium, or diaphragm and is potentially resectable, whereas T4b tumors are unresectable with invasion into …
How does EUS fit into esophageal cancer staging? EUS provides the most accurate method of T and N staging for esophageal cancer with overall accuracy 80% to 90%. If there is no evidence of distant metastatic disease on radiologic imaging, EUS should be performed to provide locoregional staging.
Most common indications for EUS • Staging GI cancers, including esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, ampullary, rectal, and cholangiocarcinoma • Staging lung cancer • Evaluating subepithelial lesions; thick gastric folds; chronic pancreatitis (CP) and idiopathic recurrent pancreatitis; pancreatic lesions, including cysts and masses; and hepatobiliary lesions, including stones, strictures, and masses.
Generic T staging for luminal GI cancers Generic T Staging for Gastrointestinal Luminal Cancers T stage Definition T1m Invades mucosa or deep mucosa. T1sm Invades submucosa. T2 Invades muscularis propria. T3 Invades adventitia or serosa. T4 Invades surrounding structures.
What is the major difference between the radial and linear echoendoscopes? The major difference between the radial and linear echoendoscopes is in the way images are acquired. The ultrasound transducer at the tip of the radial echoendoscope rotates 360 degrees and acquires cross-sectional images in a plane perpendicular to the long axis of the echoendoscope. …
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