Imaging planes used for evaluating the shoulder on a MRI Imaging planes used for evaluating the shoulder on a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. How should the patient be positioned in the scanner? Oblique coronal, oblique sagittal, and axial planes are routinely used. Oblique coronal and sagittal sequences are obtained perpendicular and parallel to the …
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What is the most common location for a skeletal hemangioma? The most common site of involvement is the spine, particularly in the thoracic segment. Most vertebral hemangiomas are small and asymptomatic, with a coarse, vertical trabecular pattern or corduroy appearance in the vertebral body on radiographs or CT. In addition, hemangiomas of the spine often …
What is a bone island? A bone island, or enostosis, is a benign hamartoma that appears radiographically as an oval or round sclerotic focus that may have radiating bone spicules from the center of the lesion. Bone islands are typically asymptomatic, are incidentally discovered, and usually do not show increased radiotracer uptake on a nuclear …
What is fibrous dysplasia? Fibrous dysplasia is a developmental anomaly of bone that usually manifests as a solitary lesion with focal bone expansion, cortical thinning or thickening, and a ground glass appearance. Patients with fibrous dysplasia may be asymptomatic or present with pathologic fracture. Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia with associated endocrine dysfunction that usually manifests as …
Which primary bone cancer has the characteristic history of pain at night that is relieved by aspirin? Osteoid osteoma is a benign primary bone tumor that has a characteristic history of pain at night that is relieved by aspirin. The classic radiographic appearance of this lesion is a round or oval lucent lesion, which represents …
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What is the most common benign bone tumor of the hand? Where else may these lesions occur, and what are the features of malignant transformation? An enchondroma is the most common benign bone tumor of the hand. Small, peripheral enchondromas of the hand are usually well-defined lytic lesions that are typically benign, but may be …
Which clinical and radiographic features suggest malignant degeneration of an osteochondroma? Features suggesting malignant degeneration include pain, growth after closure of the growth plate, bony destruction, a thickened cartilage cap, and a soft tissue mass. The risk of malignant transformation of a solitary osteochondroma is approximately 1%, whereas the risk with multiple hereditary exostoses is …