How good is Ultrasound for detecting thyroid abnormalities? US is very sensitive for identifying nonpalpable thyroid abnormalities. When a focal abnormality is noted in the thyroid parenchyma, it is called a nodule. Screening studies have shown that thyroid nodules are extremely common, especially those less than 1 cm, are more prevalent in women than men, and …
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What is Graves disease? Graves’ disease is also an autoimmune thyroid disease and is pathologically characterized by cellular hyperplasia of the thyroid follicles as a result of circulating antibodies stimulating the thyroid to produce excess thyroid hormone. On US, the most characteristic appearance is that of an enlarged, hypoechoic, and very vascular gland with a …
What is chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis) ? This is the most common diffuse thyroid disease. It affects as many as 5% to 10% of the adult population, with a strong female predominance, and is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in children and adults. This autoimmune thyroid disease is pathologically characterized by a lymphocytic …
What are the indications for Ultrasound of the thyroid gland parathyroid glands and neck lymph nodes? US of the neck is commonly used to both characterize and localize palpable neck lesions, and to guide fine needle aspiration (FNA). Specifically, US of the thyroid gland can be used to (1) determine the echotexture of the gland …
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What is a thyroid goiter? Thyroid goiter refers to an enlarged thyroid gland of any cause and may occur in the setting of autoimmune thyroid disease or as a result of one or more focal lesions in the gland. The thyroid gland may also be enlarged due to nonthyroid conditions such as during pregnancy or …
What is the basic normal anatomy and Ultrasound imaging appearance of cervical lymph nodes? The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification system of nodal location is recommended when reporting nodal location on imaging exams because it more accurately corresponds with surgical and pathology reporting. This classification system divides the neck into three compartments, the …
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What is the basic normal anatomy and sonographic imaging appearance of the parathyroid glands? The parathyroid glands are typically four in number and occur as a superior pair and an inferior pair. Supernumerary glands are seen approximately in 3% to 13% of patients, and fewer than four glands can occur. The superior glands are derived …
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